Record time? No idea but it will be RIDICULOUS. If you drive at 90 mph the whole way and run all the sections at 7 minute mile pace you might get close.
Grades-wise, it's a massive area.
Rock climbing - two main grading systems in this country. They are (1) sport grades (clipping bolts) which start at 3 ish and go on to about 9b. Bigger number = harder. If you climb indoors they're most likely sport grades. (2) is the traditional grading system, which is for trad climbing (clipping natural pro). Starts at moderate, through diff, severe, very severe, up to E (extreme) grades. Moderate is like hard scrambling, whereas E11 is mental. There is an additional grade given to hard trad routes, but don't worry about it. It is very hard to convert between the two grading systems, but http://www.rockfax.com/publications/grades.html is the best known conversion table. In other countries there may be other systems.
Bouldering - again, two main grading systems. (1) is V grades. Bigger number is harder. Starts at VB, then V0, V1... up to V16ish. Basically, anything beyond V2 outdoors is pretty hard and you'd need to train for. (2) is Font grades. Starts at 4 and goes up to about 8c. These grades are quite straightforward to convert between. See http://www.rockfax.com/publications/bgrades.html. Indoors, all walls will use one of these two systems.
Winter climbing - two main systems. In the UK we use Scottish grades, starting at I and going up to about XII, but it's open ended. I wrote this a while ago to give you an idea: I - equivalent to PD snow plod I reckon (very very roughly). Probably don't need to pitch anything. Move together. II - You'll have to pitch a fair bit, but move together on some sections. Might come across some ice, but will mostly be snow.III - may get quite a bit of ice, more technical, may be long run outs on pitches. People sometimes say that a Scottish IV leader is the equivalent of VS summer in terms of hours needed, dedication, etc.. The second winter grading system is WI, which I know little about. They do it for ice. Anything beyond WI4 is pretty balls out.
Alpine - for mountaineering routes in the Alps. F, PD, AD, D, TD, ED, from easy to hard. 'Easy' doesn't mean 'easy', though. It'd still require use of crampons, an ice axe, glacier crossings, ropework, etc.. There may also be a UIAA grade for the route. This relates to rock climbing difficulty, and can be roughly converted to UK rock grades.
There are a few other systems too. Don't get caught up on grades, though. No one has ever come up to me at a climbing wall, offended by the lowly grade I climb.
