Water purification

In India

1 to 20 of 21 messages
21/12/2010 at 13:02

In the new year I'll be working in India for 3 months. The standard advice is to only drink bottled water, but I'm already feeling a bit guilty about the huge mountain of plastic 3 months worth of bottled water would leave behind.

What are my purification options? I've never had to purify my own water before so my experience is none. I'm aware that chemical additives like chlorine tablets or iodine kill just about anything, but that's as far as it goes.

21/12/2010 at 13:09

My niece has not long returned from working in India. I lent her my MOD issue water-purifying bottle, which seemed to be more than good enough.

Try here - Drinksafe-systems

21/12/2010 at 13:13
Yep... killing bugs is the most you can hope for with water treatment. Depends where you're going, but some parts of India have a lot of arsenic in the ground-water. You even have to be careful with bottled water in that respect. I remember one guy telling me that the small print on his shop-bought bottled water in India assured him that it was produced from an arsenic-free source. So, if your bottled water doesn't make that sort of claim, can you be certain it's from a good source?
21/12/2010 at 13:21

Wot CB sez.

Though personally I prefer the in-line filter for hydration systems rather than the bottle as less squeezy effort is required.

21/12/2010 at 13:26

Thread drift, sorry.

Kate, how do you ensure that the inline filter doesn't freeze in these wintry conditions?

Is it possible to do this?

Maybe I ought to have apologised for snow drift?

21/12/2010 at 13:32

Thanks guys, so I guess it's a toss-up between a cartridge system (tastes nice but is slow) or tablets (tastes horrible but is fast). And there's nothing much I can do about arsenic!

I'll be spending the majority of my time in Hyderabad working in an office, so the water quality should be reasonable although we've still been advised not to drink it. A cartridge system like those drinksafe ones might be useful for the weekends if I'm out and about, at least then I know I can top up from more or less anywhere and it's not going to result in instant delhi-belly (or worse).

Edited: 21/12/2010 at 13:33
21/12/2010 at 13:44
Remember, filters will remove protozoa, other solids & chemicals - tablets won't
21/12/2010 at 13:47
NickNick, I emailed Giles at Drinksafe about using the inline filter in freezing conditions ahead of the snowholing trip last winter.  I don't think he'd mind me reproducing the material points from the email exchange - but it'd take .Matt.'s thread even more off topic... so maybe I'll wait until he says if he minds
21/12/2010 at 13:47
Ah ok, I hadn't really realised that; in that case I'm definitely edging towards the filter option. I like the look of the explorer canteen on the drinksafe website just because it has a large capacity.
21/12/2010 at 13:51

Hi Matt C,

Started a thread in Gear for the response.

Thanks

21/12/2010 at 14:34
Matt if you are using chemicals and the taste of the water is grim, try adding a squeeze of fresh lemon - improves drinkability hugely and is simple to do.
21/12/2010 at 21:09
Health warning, my knowledge my be out of date I used to be a microbiologist. Iodine will kill bacteria, protozoa and Giardia. Chlorine doesn't kill all of these. If you decide to use iodine make sure you try some treated water before you go, in case you have any adverse reactions.

As other s have pointed out Iodine and Chlorine won't remove chemical impurities. Filtering on its own will *not* remove chemical nasties. Filters of 0.22 microns or less will remove all bacteria, protozoa and Giardia. Some sort of ion exchange filter on its own will remove *some* chemical impurities, but not usually infectious agents.

Bringing water to the boil briefly will kill almost all infectious agents that can cause disease.

Whatever precautions you take, if you are there for some time, you will probably still manage to catch something. For most gut related infections just making sure you take lots of fluids and wait until you get better. If you have rotten egg burps or farts you have got Giardia. You will need treatment. This used to be Tinadazole, but this amy be different now. Note that that Giardia can be latent form some time, so you may get a recurrence several months later.

Finally if you don't eat or drink anything, you will probably not get any of these nasty infections, but will die of dehydration instead
21/12/2010 at 21:41

Wow, thanks!

The drinksafe website claims that their filters remove pretty much everything (chemicals included) - details here.

21/12/2010 at 22:08

Have you considered UV treatment? 'Steripen' is the one I know. 

UV disrupts the microbial DNA, so works to 'neutralise' all lifeforms. The 'disruption'  cannot be considered permanent but is sufficient to mean freshly treated water is effectively sterilised. The only downsides are that the water must be clear before treatment, and the 'sterilisation' is only effective for 24 hrs - but then you could just repeat the treatment.

It is particularly good if you are travelling solo as it treats 1 liter  at a time. Not so good if you need to treat drinking water for a group.

21/12/2010 at 23:23
Indians aren't rich enough to waste good plastic, everything gets recycled! Plus the total amount of plastic you'll generate is probably around 10Kg, which I reckon will be a lot less environmentally damaging than burning a single tank of petrol.

The trouble with filter systems is that viruses are too fine to be filtered out, and so the filters are less effective against them than against protozoa and bacteria. The drinksafe system has some kind of coating that's supposed to kill viruses, but as far as I've seen drinksafe only gives actual test data for other types of nasties, which is not encouraging.

I'd be happy with it for mostly-safe water in the UK, or for emergency use, but for long-term use in India... well, I've never been near Hyderabad, but in the places I have been, that's way past my personal comfort zone.

Steripen appears, by all accounts, to kill everything (if you filter the crud out of the water first), but you'll need to take half-a-dozen batteries with you as CR123's will be impossible to get over there. Or you could use rechargables.

Personally I'd drink the bottled water and take a drinksafe straw for just-in-case use, though that's probably unnecessary in you're not travelling around.
22/12/2010 at 17:18

If you're going to spend any amount of time in India I wouldn't worry about the guilt of a few plastic bottles. There are many more issues to trouble you out there.

I would stick with the locally available solution if I was you. I took a filter system when I went and found it too much trouble to bother with. The problem is that you will have to drink in too many places that aren't your hotel room or office. I drank the filtered water provided by most hotels and restaurants in preference to bottled water - although I was later advised that most Europeans can't cope with this. I would include local food too - don't ever be tempted by British dishes in India.

If it helps ease your conscience, you will discover when you get out there that there is actually very little waste in India and just about everything of any marginal value is recovered and reused or recycled. This is due partly to the conditions of poverty most people live in and partly to the prohibitive cost of importing foreign raw materials.

22/12/2010 at 18:00
Expect to get at least one tummy bug. Talk to your GP for advice and take some remedies with you.
Hot food from street vendors, where you can see it being prepared, and the vendor is unlikely to carry leftovers from day to day, is often safer than fancy restaurant food where you cannot see what is going on.
Try to easy your stomach in slowly until it acclimatises, and remember many locals suffer tummy bugs too.
22/12/2010 at 20:22

Oh sure, I've already been to the GP plus had my arm poked through of holes from various inoculations. He gave me a prescription for when the inevitable stomach bug hits although he refused to pre-emptively prescribe antibiotics (which I can understand given how overused they tend to be and the risk of resistant strains developing) so if it gets really bad I'll have to see a doctor out there. Fingers crossed it doesn't come to that!

I'm well aware that there's nothing I can do to avoid it, especially as I'm there for 3 months. Sooner or later I'll eat something dodgy or will end up with contaminated ice. In a way I'd prefer it to be sooner to get it out of the way and build up some resistance.

Edited: 22/12/2010 at 20:23
22/12/2010 at 21:13
Antibiotics are generally useless for gastro intestinal infections. Just about the only exception is typhoid. They will almost certainly make you worse by killing your normal intestinal flora and allowing the nasty bug to replicate unimpeded.

Think of it like this: your intestine has got some nasty bug which is upsetting it. It will try to get rid of the bug and associated toxins from one or both ends. The best thing to do is to let the nasties come out of one end or the other and make sure you keep hydrated.

Protozoal infections and Giardia will require treatment. The compounds that are used are not antibiotics. However, you need to make sure you get a proper diagnosis, which normally involves microscopic inspection of stool specimens.

I would suggest that you get your GP to take a stool specimen when you get back and make sure you haven't got some undiagnosed infection.
22/12/2010 at 23:18
I travelled rough thru' Africa and Asia for 9 months (long time ago now!!). Geekinthesticks is spot on. Of the folks I was with we all got bugs, but only the Yank who insisted on popping the antibiotics did NOT get better. He got worse and worse, and ended up in hospital with a serious case of amoebic dysentry. He looked like the walking dead. -Avoid antibiotics unless absolutely essential.
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