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You Just Put One Foot In Front Of The Other...

Just how difficult can walking be? You might be surprised as we give you some handy tips to improve the efficiency of your mountain footfall.


Posted: 22 April 2005
by Jon

Walking right, it's as simple as putting one foot in front of the other. Or is it? Ever wondered if you could walk more effectively and efficiently, maybe faster? Ever wondered how to make scree easier and safer or why your knees ache at the end of a long downhill?

Well, follow our simple tips - PG Tips, geddit, sorry - and make walking in the hills easier and more effective. And if it doesn't work, well you're probably doing okay already, so you can just feel smug.


On The Flat

 

Don't Overstride Even flat ground in the hills is rarely truly flat like a pavement. What you should be aiming for is an easy, regular pace, but without putting your foot down at odd angles. Don't be tempted to overstride, or you'll be braking slightly with every pace - it sounds obvious, but look for flat, stable rocks or areas of path to place your foot and try not to stretch too far foward and invite injury.

Woaaah - big, high steps are more tiring and less secure...

...better to use the small rock as an intermediate
step, save energy and get rhythmn

Look Where You're Stepping You're trying to build a steady rythmn that feels right for you as an individual. Look at where you're putting your feet and you'll move more steadily, but don't just look straight in front of you, scan ahead and pick out the best line overall.


Climbing Hills

Think Stairs Every time you step up on a gradient, you're working hard to raise your bodyweight and the higher you step, the further you have to lift it. Rather than take huge steps on rocky ground, think like a climber and look for the little intermediate foot placements that will save energy and preserve your rhythmn. Shorten your pace and lean forward a little.

On smooth slabs, a flat
foot often gives more grip

Zig Zag On steep, open slopes, don't be tempted to blast straight up, it's often more efficient and less tiring to 'zig-zag' diagonally across the fall line like a mountain road - many paths in mountain areas do this anyway, but you can make your own.

Fell Runner's Technique Watch fell runners and you'll notice that on really steep slopes they walk, but place their hands on their knees to brace themselves as they do it. We're not sure exactly why it works, but it does. Try it some time and watch your mates laugh at you...

Foot Placement Unless you have really tough calves, look for foot placements where you can put the sole of your boot flat on the ground rather than walking on tippy toes, which tires the calves. Some rigid boots will encourage you to do this anyway, but it's generally easier on the muscles.

The Check Pace It may or may not work for you, but on steep climbs, pause just for half a second while your leg is locked straight, the idea is to give your muscles a momentary rest and make the climb easier overall, it also helps to build a steady rythmn.


Descending

Faster Can Be Better Watch some walkers and they thud their way down steep paths with wince-inducing impacts on every step - sometimes it's better to go faster, take smaller steps, and let your momentum carry you down, so when your foot hits the ground, instead of braking, you swing through into the next stride, at the same time...

Sit Back just a little and try to let your thighs act like shock absorbers. Again it's much easier to do this if you're going a little bit more quickly. The great thing about this technique is that it takes a lot of the jarring impact away from your knees.

Watch Your Feet going down is less about rhythmn than going up but you're still looking for stable foot placements and you need to think ahead too. If you're going quickly, spot big, handily placed rocks that you can use as a 'braking surface' as you go. That sounds like pants, but a flexed leg used to place a boot on a big rock can make the difference between a fast, safe desent and an impersonation of the runaway train.

If You Must Jump flex your knees on landing, don't keep them locked, or again, you'll be upping the shock impact on your joints, which is bad. For the same reason, keep your steps short and rapid rather than overstriding and, again, jarring the knees.

Build Up Those Thighs descending kicks hell out of your thigh muscles and, in particular, your quadriceps. Once they're pumped it's all much harder, so if that's your problem, think about some muscle-specific exercises aimed at building up local muscular endurance in those areas. No more disco leg...


Scree And Loose Ground

Something of a black art - some people seem born to scamper across scree slopes, others can barely stand up when the going gets loose, but there are ways of coping better, here are our tips...

Expect To Move you rarely get solid placements on loose ground, so simply accept that your feet may slip a little with every step and don't panic if the earth moves a little for you.

This sort of panicky, off balance stuff helps
no-one. Relax and accept that footholds will
move a little under your feet and, in descent,
exploit that

Read The Scree when traversing or climbibng, look for little flat ledges and bigger rocks which are less likely to slide when your stand on them. When descending look for smaller, looser stones which will give under your feet as you motor downwards.

Place your feet firmly Pussy-footing around means more chance of slides. It's better to place your foot firmly and deliberately. The loose stuff is more likely to compact under your foot and stay relatively stable.

Follow Close if there's a real risk of dislodging rocks, stay close together, that way the rock will be moving slowly when it reaches you. Leave a big gap and it'll pick up speed and be more of a risk.


Poles

A definite option; people rave about poles taking weight off your knees, but in our experience, the biggest benefit is in allowing you to walk in a more balanced, stable, efficient way, which in turn means your whole walking style becomes more effective. They encourage you to lean into hills and to sit back a little on descents, which is just what you should be doing. Don't just use them to mask biomechanical problems though, they will improve your stability and balance, but if you have aching knees because of an muscular imbalance or injury, it's better to sort out the underlying cause.


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Discuss this story

I liked Jon's article and I think it should be a permenant feature on the site however I've got some additions i.e.

Decending - The Fell Runners Technique:
On very steep decents fell runners will often jog down sideways (impersonating crabs with limbs missing). The reasonsfor this are you can keep your feet nearer to the horizontal thus minimising stress on calves etc, there is often better grip because it is easier to dig yor feet in and if you do slip you will probably slide only a few feet. The latter is an important point as sliding 40 feet on your backpack down Scotish 'slime on a slope' towards a ravine does sod all for your dignity plus if you don't manage to turn over and stop yourself you could end up with a naff epitaph.

Watch Out For Slabs On Scree:
When decending scree be very wary of rock slabs which are just resting on the scree surface even if they are quite large. If you pass close to them the movement you cause in the smaller stones could be all that is needed to set the slab off on a surfing run. I was stalked briefly by a 3 ton lump while decending some scree near to the Inacessable Pinnacle on Skye. Not a pleasent experience in twilight and I was very relieved to get enough grip to jump sideways and lose the creepy thing.


Following Close On Scree Requires Some Thought:
If your the same weight, shape and ability following close is probably straight forward. With a mixed bunch of people it can be worth thinking 1st. You probably need to send the slowest person first which probaly means the heaviest as they will sink more into the scree. It might not be that simple though. As a member of a party I have folowed an experienced leader down some shallow scree which had a thin layer of ice amongst it. The leader was very relieved to get to get to the bottom of the slope which at first was disconcerting because I had found it easy. Then I realised the leader, being less than half my size, had been in constant danger of slipping on a surface of ice and polished stone. My weight had shattered the ice with ease so I had followed on a gravel path.

Faster Can Also Be Better On Plowed Fields:
Scree slopes tend to be very short in my locallity (Dorset) but plowed fields are plentiful. Trying to walk down a freshly plowed hillside can be awful but if its not soaked through gently jogging down expecting the ground to compress can be fun and bit like scree running. Actually I find crossing flat plowed land easier with a jogging action rather than try walk across it.





Posted: 07/08/2001 at 16:25

Another way of descending steep, grassy, wet slopes is to sit and slide. It's not dignified, but it's much better for your ankles. Put on your overtrousers, and sit down facing downhill, and use your heels to pull yourself straight down the slope.

I've heared this referred to as "dolly-waggling", which may be an ancient bit of Cumbrian dialect, or some naff made up word, I'm not sure.

In any case, after a day on the hills in the pouring rain, it makes those last 300M a lot faster and more fun.

Also works on heavy frost and light snow.

Posted: 26/04/2005 at 00:32

Oh, and now I think of it, it's easier to go up steep slopes if you clasp your hands behind your back. No idea why, but I find the effect very noticeable. It also seems to improve balance, helping you lean into the hill with your torso.

Posted: 26/04/2005 at 00:33

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